Summary of chicken breeding knowledge | Complete collection of basic knowledge of poultry breeding

1、 Calculation method of daily feed intake of laying hens

Before 10 days old: (day old+2) g

10-20 day old: (day old+1) g

20-50 days old: grams of materials used=days old

51-150 days old: 50+(day old - 50)/2

Chickens over 150 days old: stable above 100g

Peak egg production: about 120g

According to the above calculation method, the feed consumption of a hen is 8.84kg when it is 150 days old, and the feed consumption of laying hens is 36.5kg a year, which can basically meet the needs of laying eggs.

2、 Calculation method of daily feed intake of broilers (based on Rose 308 broilers)

1-10 days old: day: 6g, and then increase by 4g per day, for example: 7 days: 30g

11-20 days old: (day-2)/10 * 50, such as: 15 days old: 65g

21-30 days old: (day-1)/10 * 50, such as: 26 days 125g

31-40 days old: day old/10 * 50, such as: 35 days 175g

40-50 days old: 200g

In general, when fed with full-price feed, each chicken can eat 4.5kg of feed at the end of the day, and the average weight can reach 2.5kg. During normal breeding, the chicken herd should not exceed the feed intake of the day. If it exceeds the feed intake, it is deemed that the chicken herd is abnormal. In the process of feeding and management, it is necessary to appropriately limit its feed intake, otherwise the chicken herd will be prone to disease or difficult to control after disease.

3、 Clinical Application of Several Escherichia coli Drugs

◆ They are both Escherichia coli drugs, but their characteristics are different. Only by making full use of their characteristics can diseases get twice the result with half the effort. Cephalosporin (containing fosfomycin sodium and calcium) has a significant effect on the swelling head syndrome after 1-2 hours. It is a fast drug for swelling head syndrome, and has synergistic effects with lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The time difference therapy with amphotericin for 2 hours and fluoroquinolones is effective.

◆ Flufenicol has the characteristics of quick and long effect, long half-life, long maintenance time of effective blood concentration in the body, and also has certain effect on respiratory tract.

4、 How many times do birds undergo molting from hatching to maturity

◆ From hatching to body maturity, feathers should be removed and replaced four times, at 4-5 weeks old, 7-8 weeks old, 12-13 weeks old, and 18-20 weeks old, respectively. At this stage, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition, especially protein (sulfur-containing amino acid), improve temperature, and prevent respiratory tract!

5、 Egg-laying time of poultry

◆ Theoretically, 12:00 noon is the time of egg yolk release or ovulation every day, 13:00-17:00 is the time of egg white and egg shell membrane formation, 16:00-8:00 is the time of egg shell formation, around 8:00 is the time of egg laying, and 4:00-20:00 is the time of chicken's light and feeding.

6、 Acidity and alkalinity of poultry digestive tract

◆ All parts of the digestive tract of poultry are acidic, and the PH value is in the intestine. The alkalinity of the intestine is neutralized by bile, so it is acidic.

7、 Difference between raw powder and finished product

◆ The operation of raw powder is prohibited from October 2005. Because the incorrect use of raw powder has led to the rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains, the mutation speed of bacteria and viruses is much faster than the development speed, the disease is more difficult to treat, and there is a vicious circle. The increasingly difficult treatment of Escherichia coli is an example.

◆ Raw powder: a. low solubility; B. Large side effects (nephrotoxicity); C. prone to drug resistance; D. Large dosage.

◆ Finished drug: a. soluble; B. Reasonable formula, fast and good effect, and long duration of efficacy; C. No drug residue and drug resistance.

8、 Characteristics or characteristics of chloramphenicol

◆ The principle of its prohibition is that it can cause irreversible damage to the bone marrow, affect the hematopoietic and immune organs, and the residual can cause people to suffer from aplastic anemia, leukemia, etc.

Characteristics: heat resistant, not damaged after boiling for 5 hours, easy to lose efficacy in case of alkali. Based on such characteristics, some traditional Chinese medicines are added to enhance the effect and increase the amount of ingredients. But for chickens, it can seriously affect the production performance of chickens.

9、 Use of mycoplasma drugs

◆ Current mycoplasma drugs: macrolides: erythromycin, clarithromycin, tylomycin, temicoxacin, azithromycin; Tetracyclines: oxytetracycline, doxycycline; Lincomycin, fluoroquinolones.

◆ Clarithromycin is the most widely used drug in human, and its effect is better than azithromycin. ◆ Enrofloxacin is relatively familiar, but in fact, the effect of mycoplasma is quite obvious. It is recommended that you use it at the right time. Doxycycline has been less used in the past two years, and is now more sensitive and cheaper.

10、 Use of common disinfectants

◆ Iodine can kill coccidian eggs, so drinking water and environmental disinfection can achieve twice the result with half the effort in the event of coccidian (enterotoxic syndrome), and iodine can kill mold, so such products should be used more in the early autumn when mold is prone to occur.

◆ Chlorine-containing disinfectants can be used to purify water sources in places where water sources are poor or where coliform bacteria are prone to occur.

◆ Disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium salts can kill mucus bacteria in chicken drinking water pipes, and can prevent blocking if used frequently.

◆ Potassium permanganate is a mild disinfectant with small intestinal irritation, with a dose of 0.01% and high oxygen ion content. Therefore, it can effectively prevent and treat anaerobe infection (necrotizing enteritis, enterotoxic syndrome) when suffering from intestinal diseases.

11、 What role can baking soda play in poultry industry?

Acid-base balance regulator, acid-base imbalance can cause a series of diseases, and normal addition can prevent the body from abnormal or sub-healthy state.

Promote digestion and increase weight gain.

Anti-heat stress, dosage 0.1-0.5 ‰.

12、 What effect does Vc have on poultry?

◆ Vc is involved in the metabolism of amino acids, the synthesis of neurotransmitters, the synthesis of collagen and intercellular substance, which can reduce the permeability of capillaries, stimulate the coagulation function, accelerate the coagulation of blood, promote the absorption of iron in the intestine, and increase the resistance to infection. It is involved in the function and has anti-histamine effect.

◆ Frequent use has a good effect on stimulating hematopoiesis, relieving heatstroke, and aiding high fever diseases.

13、 Specific role of protein and energy

◆ When talking about feed, most people will say that the level of protein determines the quality of feed. In fact, it is not the case. The real evaluation of feed is feeding experiment. First, high protein may not be absorbed; Second, whether the protein and energy are balanced. If the protein is too high and the energy is too low, the protein will be partially converted into energy for its needs, which will cause a lot of waste and outweigh the loss.

◆ Protein raw materials: soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, meat floss powder.

◆ Energy raw materials: corn, vegetable oil, animal oil.

Protein is the source of muscle for broilers, and energy determines its growth rate and the degree of fat gain in the later stage. For laying hens, protein controls egg weight, and energy determines egg production rate.

14、 Viewing feed quality through autopsy changes

The quality of corn can be judged by dissecting the color of abdominal and subcutaneous fat. Good corn is yellow fat. If the pancreas has hyperplasia, the quality of soybean meal or miscellaneous meal or the content of feather meal is high.

15、 Use of insect repellent

No matter the nematode or coccidian drugs are used in the afternoon, the dead worms or live eggs can be discharged in the morning by the action of the drugs in the evening, so the fecal cleaning and disinfection in the morning can reduce the probability of recurrence.

16、 Drinking water and feeding time of chicks

The chicken should drink water for 21 hours after the shell is out, and start eating for 24 hours is appropriate. If the long-distance transportation does not operate normally according to the scheduled time, the first start of eating must also be carried out 4 hours after the start of drinking.

Chickens after pecking must drink water first and then eat at 2-4 hours intervals.

17、 Feeding density of chicken

8-12 broilers/m3 determine the number of chickens according to the size of the chicken house. Winter is more than summer.

The number of chickens to be fed is determined by 4 layers/cage. The number of chickens to be fed is 40 layers/cage, and 6-10 layers/cage at the time of breeding.

18、 What is the relationship between taste and smell of poultry and medication?

The chicken has only 29 taste buds, which are not sensitive to taste, but sensitive to smell. When adding drugs to poultry drinking water or feed, the bitter taste of general drugs does not affect eating and drinking water, but when poultry suffer from indigestion and loss of appetite, the effect of using bitter drugs is very poor. Poultry has no identification effect on salty taste in feed. Birds have a good sense of smell system, so they will refuse to feed and drink with the smell of drugs.

19、 Management of chicken flocks under high temperature in summer

1、 In order to make poultry adapt to high temperature physiologically

Open poultry houses are used to raise pure grandparent and parental poultry in hot summer weather.

Increasing the incubation temperature by 0.1 ℃ for three days in the incubator will not affect the incubation rate

Within two or three weeks, raise the temperature to 35 ℃, 33 ℃ and 30 ℃ respectively. This method is effective and completely controlled by the breeder.

2、 Add anti-stress drugs to resist high temperature and drink 2g/L electrolyte, 0.5g/LVc, 0.5g/L sodium salicylate or paracetamol before catching or transferring.

3、 Adjust the feeding time to 4:00, 18:00 and 22:00, and the feed trough is empty during the high temperature period. The empty digestive system helps to slow down the basic metabolism rate of the chicken, thus reducing the temperature.

20、 Feed additive and dosage for heat stress resistance

◆ Sodium bicarbonate 1-4kg/T; Paracetamol 250g/T; Diazepam 0.5-1.0g/T;

Sodium salicylate 250-500g/T; Chlorpromazine 5 - 10g/T; Vc200g/T； Chlorpyramide maleate 5 - 10g/T;

Aspirin 0.05-0.20%; Honey 3-5% can also be used as a source of potassium for effective control of heat stress symptoms.

The above additives can be used alone or more than three, which can effectively relieve heat stress!

21、 Use method of fumigation and disinfection

28ml formalin, 14g potassium permanganate and 14ml water are used for each cubic meter of space. The fumigation time is 24 hours. After disinfection, the chicken house is closed for more than two weeks. If solid formaldehyde is used for disinfection, 3.5g/m3 can be placed in the heat source.

22、 What is the reason for less fog during fumigation and disinfection?

At present, fumigation is still one of the methods, but the disadvantage is that the operation process is strict, the indoor temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity is about 60%. If there is less fog, it proves that the air is low in humidity, so increase the humidity.

23、 Why is the brooding period a period of morbidity and mortality of poultry?

Chickens need to adapt to the changes of external environment after hatching, so they are under stress, and should strengthen management to adapt as soon as possible.

Chickens are infected with bacteria or virus, and their physique is weak. If the preventive medicine is inappropriate, it will cause death. Therefore, it is very important for chicks to take medicine.

24、 The age of the developed bursa of Fabricius

The bursa of Fabricius is the unique central immune organ of birds. The bursa of Fabricius is developed in chicks at the age of 60 days or so, then gradually shrinks and disappears in adults. It is a saclike structure filled with lymphoid tissue. The resistance of the body in the early stage comes from this, so the damage of the bursa of Fabricius will affect the immune response.

25、 Immunization methods and specific requirements for poultry

◆ Nose drops and eye drops: form antibodies in the respiratory mucosa to prevent diseases that can be transmitted by the respiratory tract. The operation method is to wait for the chicken eye or nose to absorb the vaccine and then put it back into the chicken group to ensure the effect.

◆ Drinking water: form strong antibodies in the digestive tract to prevent diseases that can be transmitted by the digestive tract. The operation method does not use metal containers. The water requirement is deep well water, which needs to be kept for 24 hours. The tap water cannot be used. 0.5% skimmed milk powder was added to protect the vaccine when using the bursal vaccine.

◆ Muscle and subcutaneous injection: blood circulation antibodies will be formed. Muscle injection can prevent stabbing the liver. Subcutaneous injection at 1/3 of the neck will cause swelling of the head and eyelids if it is too close to the head. Both oil and water vaccines should be injected to prevent the vaccine from being pumped back into the needle tube.

◆ spray: It is one of the better methods. Because it simulates the natural infection method, the effect is only very demanding and is not suitable for implementation in family farms.

◆ Apply anus: It is a method to prevent throat transmission.

26、 How much water should be added when the vaccine is diluted by four different methods of vaccine use?

Take 1000 immunized chickens as an example:

Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection: 200ml for 1 week old, 200ml for 2-4 weeks old, 200-500ml for 5-10 weeks old, 200-500ml for more than 10 weeks old.

Nose drops or eye drops: add 25-30ml water to dilute in each stage.

Drinking water: 5000ml at the age of one week, 10000ml at the age of 2-4 weeks, 20000ml at the age of 5-10 weeks, and 40000ml at the age of more than 10 weeks.

Spray: 300ml for one week, 500ml for 2-4 weeks, 1000ml for 5-10 weeks and 2000ml for more than 10 weeks.

27、 Advantages and disadvantages of several vaccines against newcastle disease

Clone-30

Advantages: It does not affect the maternal antibody, has low toxicity and soft effect, and can well balance the antibody of the chicken population.

Disadvantages: low antibody titer and short maintenance time.

IV series

Advantages: It is more toxic than C30 tip, and its antibody maintenance time is longer, so it is the widely used vaccine at present.

Disadvantages: It can cause uneven antibodies in chicken flocks.

Series I

Advantages: It is a strong poison in poisoning, can stimulate the body to produce interferon, the antibody maintains for a long time, and must be used in basic immunization.

Disadvantages: It is highly toxic and only suitable for use after the age of two months. The use of laying hens can cause a decline in egg production.

28、 What are the requirements and specific operations for drinking water immunization?

① The ideal state of drinking water immunity is to finish drinking water within one hour. It is required to cut off water before drinking. The duration depends on the weather.

② The water used for immunization is distilled water or cold boiled water, followed by deep well water. The tap water contains bleaching powder, so it is not needed.

If it is not necessary to use it, add dechlorination agent after drying for 8 hours, that is, add 3-10ml of 10% sodium thiosulfate per 10L of water.

③ In order to ensure the effect, add vaccine protective agent into the water, such as skimmed milk powder 0.2-0.5%.

④ In hot season, immunization should be carried out in the morning, which can avoid high temperature time to prevent affecting the effect.

⑤ Disinfectants and antivirals (traditional Chinese medicine can be used) shall not be used 3 days before and after immunization. Avoid the sun when using vaccines.

29、 Immunization against avian influenza

Critical protection value 4-6 log2

The age of the first immunization should be about 10 days old, but because its immune system has not yet developed and improved to affect the response effect, the antibody rises slowly and decreases rapidly. The titer of antibody can reach 5.86-7.45log2 14 days after immunization, which can protect the chickens. The antibody reached its peak at 28-35 days after immunization, and the protection period was 2 months.

30、 Can emergency vaccination of strain I vaccine cure chicken pox?

Can be effectively controlled! The development of chickenpox can be effectively controlled by emergency vaccination of twice the amount of strain I vaccine after the occurrence of chickenpox, because the strain I vaccine can stimulate the body to produce interferon, and the produced interferon can interfere with the replication of the pox virus to control the disease.

31、 Correct use of vaccine protective agent

The purpose of vaccine protective agent is to protect the vaccine activity and promote the response and formation of the vaccine in the body