Five key points for black pig breeding

1、 Preparation before breeding black pigs

The breeding farm should be designed according to the scale of breeding, and there should be some attention to the site selection and building arrangement.

1. Site selection

The terrain of the pig farm shall be high, dry, flat, leeward and sunny, with good ventilation and lighting conditions, and more than 1 km away from the main traffic line. In addition, the pig farm is located in a place with rich vegetation and sufficient water supply, which can provide fresh green feed for pigs and beautify the environment of the farm.

2. Piggery design

The pigsty generally faces south or east or west; The distance between the front and back of the pigsty is more than 10 meters. The pig house requires good ventilation and cooling in summer, cool and sunstroke prevention, and sufficient sunshine and heat insulation in winter. The floor of the pigsty should be firm and flat, with a slope of 2% - 3% to facilitate cleaning and keep dry.

The height of the pen and the area of each pen should be determined according to the size of pigs and the actual situation of the farm. Each pigsty shall have a management channel with a width of 1.2 meters. In addition, each pig house should be equipped with two exhaust fans to timely exhaust the dirty air in the house. In summer, these large exhaust fans can also help the pigs prevent heatstroke and cool down.

3. Feed

Hunan black pigs are tolerant of roughage, and can eat what other pigs can eat, but also consider the nutritional value and feed cost of the feed. The feed for Hunan black pigs mainly includes corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, etc. In addition, juicy feed such as grass, kraft, sweet potato vine, carrots can also be used as feed for Hunan black pigs. Feed mix can be determined according to local actual conditions.

2、 Breeding and management of breeding pigs

1. Introduction of breeding pigs

We should choose pigs with good mental condition, strong physique, and good production performance as breeding pigs. Breeding boars are required to be plump, with strong limbs, wide and high chest, well developed testicles and strong sexual desire. Generally, it is appropriate to breed boars at the age of 6 months; The sows are required to arrange their nipples evenly and neatly, with more than 6 pairs of nipples and well developed. It is suitable to breed sows at the age of 7 months.

2. Daily feeding management of breeding pigs

The breeding season of breeding boars is in spring and summer, and other time is non-breeding season. Breeding boars in non-breeding period need to maintain energy, strong sexual desire, strong breeding ability and good semen quality.

At this stage, breeding boars should maintain medium fat, not too thin nor too fat. In order to prevent breeding boars from becoming too fat, exercise is also a good way in addition to paying attention to feed. At 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. every day, they can be driven to the sports ground outside the enclosure to exercise once, and the driving time should be kept at about 1 hour, which not only strengthens the physique, but also prevents the breeding boar from fatigue.

Breeding boars must be raised in a single pen. The breeding boar enclosure should be sunny, ventilated and dry, and each boar should cover an area of 7-10 square meters. The feeding amount at this stage should be determined according to the weight and fat of the breeding boar.

The recommended feed formula is: corn 40%, soybean meal 14%, bran 12%, grass powder 30%, premix 4%. Each pig is fed 2.5-3 kg per day, three times per day. At this stage, we should not feed too much green fodder. It is enough to feed about 2 kg per head every day. In addition, it should be noted that breeding should be strengthened half a month before breeding, and gradually transition to the level of breeding period.

3. Daily management of empty sows

The empty pregnancy period of Hunan black sows mainly refers to the period from weaning to the next pregnancy. Sows in this period should maintain medium fat. If they are too fat, it is not conducive to breeding. The recommended feed formula is: corn 45%, soybean meal 14%, bran 12%, grass powder 25%, premix 4%. Each pig is fed 2-2.5 kg per day, 2-3 times per day. In addition, each pig is fed with about 1 kg of green feed every day.

3、 Feeding and management of piglets

Black pigs produce a large number of piglets. In order to improve the survival rate of piglets, the management at this stage must be careful. Piglets include two stages: suckling piglets and weaning piglets. Let's talk about the feeding management of suckling piglets first.

1. Eat colostrum early

Piglets should eat enough colostrum as soon as possible after birth, not later than 2 hours after birth. Colostrum is rich in nutrients and immunoglobulin, which is very helpful to improve the immunity of piglets. Most of the nipples of Hunan black pigs are more than 6 pairs, which can fully meet the lactation needs of piglets.

2. Supplement iron

Hunan black pigs need iron supplementation within 3 days. Dextran iron injection can be used to prevent iron deficiency anemia in piglets. Generally, piglets 2-3 days old are injected into the deep muscle with 1-2 ml of injection once, and each ml of injection contains about 100 mg of iron.

3. Early supplementary feeding

Early supplementary feeding can improve the weight of weaned piglets, and also avoid the phenomenon of food intake decline and diarrhea caused by sudden weaning of piglets. Hunan black piglets began feeding and feeding at about 7 days old.

4. Cold and warm

The suitable temperature within 3 days of birth is 30-33 ℃. The incubator can be used and the built-in heat preservation lamp can be used for heating.

5. Feeding and management of weaned piglets

Weaned piglets are often called conservation pigs, which refers to the stage from weaning to fattening. Hunan black piglets are generally weaned at about 28 days.

6. Transition management

When piglets are weaned, they should go to the mother to keep their piglets, drive the sows into the sow house, and leave the piglets in the delivery room. After weaning, piglets should remain in the delivery room for about 7 days for a transitional period of management.

The feed intake of piglets should be controlled within 7 days. It is appropriate to feed 7-8% full per day. The practice of feeding less and more meals is to feed 6-8 times 24 hours a day, and gradually transition to free feeding. The practice shows that if the average feed intake of piglets in the first week after weaning can reach more than 200 grams per day, the future fattening pigs will have ideal weight gain; Piglets shall be fed with pellet feed within 7 days. The weaned piglets can be transferred to the nursery after 7 days.

4、 Breeding and management of reserve pigs

The reserve pig is the reserve force of the pig farm. The task of cultivating the reserve pig is to obtain the breeding pig with strong physique, good development, typical characteristics of the breed and high breeding value. The breeding level of reserve pigs will affect the future production performance and breed quality of pigs. Reserve pigs should be raised separately by male and female, with 1.5 to 2 square meters per head. The breeding density should not be too large, so that reserve pigs have free space for movement. The reserve pig feed adopts the reserve pig full-price formula feed. When the reserve boar weight is below 60kg, each head is fed with 2 to 2.5kg formula feed every day; When it reaches 60kg, 2.5 to 3kg per head per day lasts until the end of breeding, and it is fed 2 to 3 times per day. The feeding amount shall be adjusted according to the different fat of the reserve pigs.

The feed reference formula is: corn 60%, bran 17%, soybean meal 19%, premix 4%.

Reserve sows are mainly to ensure the full play of their excellent reproductive performance. A pig farm with good conditions can raise 4 to 5 pigs per pigsty and have enough room for activities. Under general feeding conditions, reserve sows can also be placed in larger pens, but not more than 10 to ensure their limb development. Reserve sows are fed with 1.8 to 2.5 kg concentrate feed per day, divided into 2 to 3 times. It is very important for reserve pigs to exercise outdoors frequently. Regular exercise can comprehensively enhance the body function of pigs, accelerate the growth and development of muscles and bones, and thus ensure the normal development of endocrine and reproductive systems. If conditions permit, the method of grazing can be adopted. When the black pig reserve reaches the breeding age, the breeding can be carried out in a timely manner.

5、 Feeding and management of finishing pigs

In the pig conservation stage, when selecting reserve pigs, black pigs that cannot be reserved for breeding should be transferred to fattening houses for fattening. The finishing pigs of black pigs generally refer to non-breeding pigs aged from 70 to 240 days. The feeding density of finishing pigs should be moderate. Generally, the area of each finishing pig is about 2 square meters. The black pigs transferred to the fattening house should try to reduce the feeding cost as far as possible and get out of the market as early as possible to achieve economic benefits without affecting their growth. The feed intake at the stage of finishing pigs, namely feed conversion rate, directly affects the economic benefits of the whole pig farm. But it is not that the cheaper and cheaper the feed, the better. The key is to ensure the quality and reasonable allocation of feed and avoid feeding pigs with a single feed.

The feed reference formula is: corn 57%, bran 19%, soybean meal 20%, premix 4%. Feed three times a day, one in the morning, one in the middle and one in the evening.

When the weight of finishing pigs is less than 45kg, it is the early stage of fattening, which allows the finishing pigs to feed freely. When the weight of finishing pigs is greater than 45kg, it is the late stage of fattening. In order to prevent excessive fat deposition during this period, 80% of the daily diet of finishing pigs can also be fed, or the amount of silage can be increased to control energy intake and improve the lean meat rate of pigs. When black pigs grow to about 8 months old and weigh more than 90 kg, they can be put on the market.

Black pig has high reproductive rate, resistance to rough food and disease resistance. Due to its special growth characteristics, its meat is very fresh and tender. It is a good food material for cooking or processing ham. We believe that proper management and successful marketing of this pig breed with distinctive characteristics will have very good economic benefits.